Role of Gertrude in Hamlet's tragedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of Gertrude in Hamlet's tragedy - Essay Example He eventually takes it up as a mission to reveal it to the public in different ways like conducting a play (within Hamlet) for the audience, in the hope that those with insight would see the truth for themselves. He cannot repeat the same act of killing because he has a soft heart. This makes him even madder. He attempts to kill Claudius but gets into an argument with himself. Throughout the play he fights with himself, questioning his existence, wondering if he is his father’s son or his uncle’s. He wonders if his mother is really mourning her husband’s death or is she faking it. He doubts his own emotions towards Ophelia and shares all his grieves with his only friend Horatio. Obsessed by his madness he attempts to confront his mother, Gertrude. In that scene he accidentally kills Polonius, an act that adds to his insanity. We confront another death in the play and our eyes seek for a person to step forward and claim the cause of tragedy. It is Gertrude who see ms to have more weight than the rest of the major characters and this paper will explore her role in the play. Queen Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother appears in ten of the play’s twenty scenes, but speaks lesser than Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover. She is considered to be an innocent character in the play. She is said to be completely unaware of the murder of her first husband. Her very first appearance in Hamlet takes place in Act I Scene ii, with King Claudius who lets the audience know that he has married his brother’s widow. Her silence gives way to the lunacy Hamlet experiences. She also finds fault in her son to be still grieving on his father’s death. Gertrude’s politeness and innocence is the very sting that complicates matters. Hamlet is expecting more than this. He is expecting his mother to wail and resist the changing state of affairs. When he lashes out at her in response to her inquiry, she becomes concerned about his condition and speaks as if confessing her sins: O Hamlet, speak no more: Thou turn’st my very eyes into my soul, And there I see such black and grained spots As will not leave their tinct (III.iv) And again: O speak to me no more; these words like daggar enter my ears; No more, sweet Hamlet! Hamlet’s words are like a dagger entering her ears but as the ghost appears and she does not see it, she calls him mad. The situation could not be any better. We can see her at another instance, high spirited, hoping that her efforts to heal Hamlet, with the rest are going to work out. She is the antithesis of her son. She sees her penitence as a result of her son’s harsh words and not as a consequence of her own actions. She is too weak to make a decision of her own and relies on others to give instructions. It seems wise to ask â€Å"What shall I do† in response to Hamlet’s accusations. She remains submissive or at least she pretends she is when Hamlet sarcastically bids her to kee p the King away from her bed and do not consider her son as mad. Not this, by no means that I bid you do: Let the bloat King†¦ Make you to ravel all this matter out, That I am essentially not in madness, But mad in craft. ‘Twere good you let him know, For who that’s but a queen, fair, sober, wise, Would from a paddock, from a bat, a gib, Such dear

Non-Marital Breakups Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Non-Marital Breakups - Coursework Example The person’s oral or written narratives explaining their experiences or actions describing characters and events and inferring the meaning and motives in the course of retelling and reviewing the love stories.   Social creatures are faced with two risks, rejection and betrayal when pursuing intimacy. Rejection can occur when the hope-for relationship never develops, cut short, or fails when the other expresses dissatisfaction. Betrayal is insidious, a threat that emerges only if intimacy succeeds-for a time. The other, having the advantage of special information, having gained our trust, turns around and turns on us, revealing our vulnerabilities, badmouthing us, teasing us. Why then do we will hand that very risky unknown our phone number? Why do we have to take heartbreaker one more time?   This involves a mental search for explanations, driven to some extents, â€Å"If only† and regrets. For the leaver and the leave, the end of a relationship is traumatic and triggers a self-protective review of reasons and signs which could prevent future losses.   There are two types of loneliness, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness. The emotional loneliness refers to the isolation, focused on missing one’s intimate partner and losing the unique comforts of that relationship. Social loneliness is disorientation and excommunication one feels when one has lost one’s place and marital status.   After a breakup, the visibility and social activity of one’s ex-exaggerate the individual’s plight. If you have been left, the presence of your ex in your social network suggests that you are easily rejectable. If you are the one who left, your ex may offer testimony to all who would listen to your guilt and betrayal.   

The Scope Of Marketing Communication Marketing Essay

The Scope Of Marketing Communication Marketing Essay Advertising is a type of communication used to persuade viewers to take some action with respect to products and services. This assignment is based on the scope of marketing communication. The first segment gives brief detail about the structure, role and functions of different advertising parties (advertiser, client, ad agency etc) in the communication industry. After the identification of parties involved in communication industry, I had discussed the relationship between different parties of communication industry. In the second section, different current trends have been discussed. I have also discussed in detail about the current trends in Pakistani market and also used different ad images with examples. I have identified the impact of current trends Micro marketing and sales promotion on advertising industry and parties of advertising industry. In the third section, traditional response hierarchy models (AIDA, hierarchy of effects model, innovation adoption model and information processing model) have been discussed. Then I have selected two ads, one of Ufone and the other of Mobilink Jazz for evaluation considering the response hierarchy models and also confirm the response hierarchy models of these ads. In the last and final section, I have evaluated the ads and made an effective judgment on the selected ads that weather they are developed to satisfy the hierarchy models or not. P1: Explain the structure, role and relationship between parties in communication industry COMMUNICATION Communication is defined as Two-way process of attainment mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information but also create and share meaning ( sense). (communication, 2009-2010) (Communication process, 2010) BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Communication is the lifeblood of an organization (business). Business communication is any communication used to endorse a product, organization or service with the objective of making sale. In business communication, message is transferred through various channels of communication as well as internet, print (publications), television, radio, outdoor and word of mouth. In business, communication is considered center among business, interpersonal skills and manners. PARTIES INVOVLED IN COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY There are different parties involved in communication channels through which adverting takes place. These are Advertisers Advertising agency Media Clients ROLE FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTIES Advertisers The role of advertiser is to focus on gratifying the general consumers by addressing their requirements through goods and services. As for the communication role, this refers to the mass communication purpose that advertising is capable to fulfill. It is a stunning means to inform the clients (customers) and communicate to them about the goods and services they wish to buy. Normally an advertisers objectives behind creating an advertisement are to generate sales. (advertiser, 1999) Also it helps the consumers to assess the value and benefits of the products. Advertising agency An ad agency or Advertising Agency is a service provider that works for clients to create an effectual and goal oriented advertising campaign meant at representing the organization positively in the eyes of its target customers. Companies hire advertising agencies to connect with their end customers. An advertising agency starts by getting well familiar with the clients goals, products target audience. This information proves beneficial in planning and making an effective advertising campaign. Once an advertising agency knows its clients needs, the course action of brainstorming and planning begins. This includes creating interesting attractive jingles, slogans and attention clutching body copy for advertisements. (Sinha, 2005 2011) Media Media plays a very significant role in advertising. There are different types of media for example press, outdoor advertisements, television, posters, radio, cinema, internet and mobile advertising. It helps the businesses to develop the market equity. It builds the positioning of the company and eases the image of the company which it wants to generate in the minds of the customers. It also helps to send the message to large audience. Different kinds of medias present the different forms and concepts of advertising. Moreover, different varieties of media also improve the affordability of the companies and different advertising podiums (platforms) can be used by the companies to spread the me (Wazzan)ssage. Clients Clients use advertising agencies, helps them to spread a message about their product and spread knowledge through television, print media etc. There are definite roles and responsibilities of a client that the agency can do their jobs as proficiently as possible and help the clients to make their business more successful. The role of a client is to explain his product or company message clearly; it allows advertising agency to understand better about the product and company which allows them to package and market it properly. The client should tolerantly listen to each idea of advertising agency as it is presented and decide that which campaign will draw the most concentration to the product. The clients responsibility is to make the advertising agency come up with the best probable ideas for product or company. (Clients roles and responsibilities in advertising industry , 2010) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTIES OF ADVERTISING INDUSTRY Advertising agencies had worked for the endorsement of product by making advertisement campaigns. The first job of advertising agency is to well-develop a brief consideration of companys product, its potential, position in the market place and its target market. This helps advertisers to turn out effectual advertising campaigns to best publicize the product. They vigilantly study products and then guide company about the marketing strategy, which paper the ad supposed to be placed, how several times it should run etc. Keeping the clients objectives in mind, the advertising agency able to build advertising campaigns, like slogans, jingles, etc. The campaign is built with the mean to push the sales of the companys products, attract new customers belt while retaining the old ones, repeat the brand image, market the product and make brand awareness if the brand has been just forayed into the market. After the campaign is prepared, the advertiser looks for media medium to popularize / publicize the product. The campaign may be publicized in a range of media agencies like, television, print, radio, depending on the clients budget. For companys advertising needs, advertising agency chooses newspaper as the best mode of advertisement. Through its keen page, which appears as a colored addition in four to eight (depending on companys budget) leading newspapers and magazines, it reaches its clients services to a huge readership of approximately 5 million viewers. Advertising agency also helps in choosing the right newspaper to help company to market their product so that it reaches utmost viewers in the most effective way and in the end its the duty of the supplier to allocate the product where the company wants. Thats how; the parties in advertising agencies perform their roles to communicate the companys message to the end customer. P2: Identify the trends in advertising and promotion and evaluate (advantages and Disadvantages) of their impact CURRENT TRENDS IN ADVERTISING Current trends are a general direction in which something tends to move. For a long period now, advertising have been used as a strategic tool to endorse product awareness and build up brand preference, thereby increasing sales, as well as to promote customer loyalty by building customer relationships. The current trends in advertising are smart phones, internet (websites, banner ads, pop-ups or pop-behinds which stays an ad behind your windows, email promotions, sponsored links (like Google ads, community media such as you tube and my space.), social networks, TV, games, radio and print media. Micro marketing Micromarketing is designing, forming and manufacturing products, marketing and advertising campaigns for the benefit of very precise geographic, demographic, or psychographic segments of the consumer market. A marketing strategy, in which advertising efforts are, centered a small set of highly-targeted customers. Micromarketing requires a company to barely define a particular audience by  a particular characteristic, job title and modify campaigns for that particular segment. Now a days marketing is done on internet, smart phones and TV. If a new local company wants to launch its product and cant afford the expense of e-ads. So they can use print media which is effective and of low cost for advertising their product. Brand proliferation Brand proliferation is defined as when one company introduce new brands in the same product lines and hence try to cover each and every market segment for that product line. (Wazzan) For example: Huggies, a firm, owned by Kimberley-Clark. Huggies is well known for manufacturing disposable diapers, and has different product lines such as Little Swimmers and Pull-Ups. 7up also comes up with diet and lemon flavor. Sales promotion Sales promotions are short-period incentives to encourage the sale of a product or service. Sales promotion includes a number of communications activities that attempt to give added value or incentives to customers, wholesalers, retailers, or other organizational customers to encourage immediate sales. These efforts can effort to stimulate product interest, test or purchase. Examples of devices used in sales promotion include samples, premiums, coupons, point-of-purchase displays, rebates, contests and sweepstakes. (Sales promotion, 2000 2011) Sales promotion strategies There are three types of sales promotion strategies. 1) Push A push strategy engages convincing trade intermediary channel members to push the product through the distribution channels to the final consumer via promotions and personal selling efforts. Trade-promotion goals are to persuade retailers or wholesalers to carry a brand, promote a brand in advertising, give a brand shelf space, and/or push a brand to final consumers. Typical strategies employed in push strategy are: allowances, free trials, contests, specialty advertising items, buy-back guarantees, displays, discounts and premiums. 2) Pull Pull strategy efforts to get customers to pull the product from the manufacturer through the marketing channel. Consumer-promotion objectives are to attract consumers to try a new product, attract customers away from competitors products, hold reward loyal customers, get consumers to load up on a mature product and build customer relationships. Typical tactics employed in pull strategy are samples, cash refunds and premiums, coupons, advertising specialties, rebates, loyalty programs, contests, games, sweepstakes, and point-of-purchase (POP) displays. 3) Combination of the two Car dealers often offer a good example of a combination strategy. If you give attention to car dealers advertising, you will frequently hear them speak of dealer incentives and cash-back-offers. CURRENT TRENDS IN PAKISTANI MARKET Advertisement is one of the most significant tools for bringing awareness in people about products. In Pakistani market, we have generally seen two types of advertising trends of micro marketing and sales promotion. Especially sales promotion trend is normally more in from the last 2 to 3 years. Its because of the economic condition of the people, thats why the companies try to attract people more on sales promotion. Price promotion Sales promotion stands on a price discount offer. Its a promotion of a product by momentarily reducing its price. The price decline may be at, or below, cost, but it will have to be important enough, relative to challenging products, to persuade customers to purchase the product. In Pakistan, in 2010 Service Shoes offers discounts (discount ki barsaat up to 50% off) all over the country to attract more more customers in order to gain market share, customers and increase their sales. Gift with purchases This strategy to buy a service (product) by using trade loaders or a gift with purchase dates back to the very sunrise of marketing itself. Its a idea that still working today. Many companies and retail shops used this strategy to attract customers towards their products. IN Pakistan, ZONG is using gift with purchase technique to attract customers towards their product. By this technique they are going to increase their sales and gain market share. Coupons Coupon is just like a legal paper which can be exchanged for some sort of discount or special offer when buying a product. Coupons technique can be used by organizations to attract prize conscious by convincing them to purchase more by giving away a small prize discount. In Pakistan, K n is offering membership cards to customers on purchasing of more than Rs. 3000 and gives them discount on 10 to 20% discount. Samples Sampling is the practice of offering little quantity of product free of cost or at a very low price so that customers can experience their service or product at first hand. In Pakistan, this technique is basically practiced by pharmaceutical companies. IMPACT OF CURRENT TRENDS ON ADVERTISING Impact of Micro marketing The impact of micro marketing on advertising industry is that it effects user-initiated like product awareness, purchase intent, consideration and consequent consumer on online behavior. The impact of micro marketing on advertising industry is that to rightly target a very specific segment and it increased the media population year by year (newspaper, TV, internet, billboards and sites visitors etc). New medium is brought up in advertising due to which the micro marketing impact, old one is getting decreased day by day like internet marketing, online marketing etc. Due to current impact, many companies launched their product sites or company sites for customers awareness with some innovation and creation, which makes difficulties for the advertising industries. Impact of sales promotion Increasing Competition The first impact of sales promotion on advertising companies is that it increases the competition in the market. Due to raise in competition, this makes difficult for the advertising agencies to compete. Therefore, they are choosing more innovative techniques. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive Sales promotion increased price sensitivity as the result of inflation. Due to economic recession consumers and dealers become more perceptive towards prices because they want value for their money. So its become difficult for the advertising agencies to set price of the product. Advertising Has Become More Expensive Less Effective The advertising media have turn out to be pretty expensive. Audio-visual medium may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of monotony due to unnecessary advertising on TV. Sales promotion is a more gainful promotion method to generate sales results for small companies which cannot compete with big companies. Sales Promotions Maximize Profits Sales promotion maximizes profit for companies, sales promotion department and advertising agencies as well. Sales promotion allows a finest brand to compete with a lower level brand amongst price sensitive consumers. P3: Use any two response hierarchy models on the two ads selected by the students HIERARCHY RESPONSE MODELS THE AIDA MODEL AIDA model was offered by Elmo Lewis to explain how personal selling works. It shows a set of stair-step phases which describe the process (procedure) of leading a potential customer to buy. The phases are attention, interest, desire, and action, form a linear hierarchy. It reveals that customers must be aware of a products existence. Be attracted enough to give attention to the products features/benefits. Have a desire to advantage from the products offerings. Action, the fourth stage, would come as a natural result of movement through the first three phases. Although this idea was elementary, it led to the later rising field of customer behavior research. HIERARCHY EFFECT MODEL Among advertising theory, the hierarchy-of-effects model is prime. Hierarchy can be briefly explained with the assist of a pyramid. First the lower level objectives such as awareness, knowledge are achieved. Succeeding objectives may hub on moving prospects to higher levels in the pyramid to draw out desired behavioral responses such as associating feelings with the brand, trial or regular use etc. It is easier to achieve ad objectives positioned at the base of the pyramid than the ones towards the peak. The % of potential customers will decline as they move up the pyramid towards more action leaning objectives, such as regular brand use. INNOVATION ADOPTION MODEL This model has significance to new product openings and mainly useful for adoption of non-commercial services. The phases of assessment and trail before adoption are considered important in the design of advertising program. The result in favor of making an evaluation is probably to be influenced by information accessible from various sources including advertising. Evaluation comprises a major step towards the adoption of the product or service. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL The procedure by which we create that skill selection is through the information processing system. This system is also known as the DCR process. We detect information, evaluate it with previous experiences and then react. Wellfords model proposes that we get in information through our senses and for the time being store all of these inputs previous to sorting them out. The inputs that are seen as related to the decision are then stored in the quick-fix memory. A decision is made by evaluating the information in the short-term memory with preceding experiences stored in the long-term memory. With position to the long term memory for the necessary action the decision is carried out. The action and the results are stored for future reference. The two ads are taken for the analysis of customer response hierarchy. These are Ufone Internet ad Now the four steps of AIDA model will be applied on this ad. Attention: In this ad, Ufone is trying to attract people attention about their new internet packages. In this ad to get customers attention, Ufone is showing a girl having mobile in her hand which is happy to use internet service. Interest: In this ad, a fast moving bike and a little blur waves shows about the fast speed of internet to gets peoples interest. Ufone is also showing social networks page (face book), yahoo, gmail and youtuube etc. Desire: In this ad, by showing fast moving bike, yahoo, skype and face book, shows the speed of internet which is directly the desire of people to use fast net in order to be connected with friends. Action: The given extra information about different internet packages encourages customers to take action. Mobilink Jazz ad Now the six steps of Hierarchy of effect will be applied on this Ad. Awareness: In this Ad, Mobilink has used model, the hero of Asian games and SAF game gold medalist Naseem hammed for their campaign. Actually in Pakistan, most people are not familiar with Naseem hammed. But Mobilink has used to Naseem hammed because people in Pakistan loves their national heroes and they follow them. Secondly in Pakistan, women are in majority so this factor is also making good awareness. Knowledge: The target audience might have product awareness but not know much more; hence this stage involves creating brand knowledge. In this step, Mobilink has provided little information about their services but there is not so much information about the model. The information is limited which will produce sometimes difficulty for customers. The message is that great people of Pakistan use Mobilink. Liking: As in this Ad, information is added which results in liking because in Pakistan, people follows their heroes. So this Ad is creating liking. Preference: As Mobilink is market leader, so they are preferred mostly because of good signal quality. As Naseem hammed is hero for most of young womens, so she is followed. So the product of Mobilink is preferred over other companies. Convince and purchase: When customers are convinced by the services, then they buy the services. M1: Make an effective judgment on the ads selected whether you think the ads are appropriately developed to satisfy the hierarchy models. Give reference to books or internet sources used. Analysis of Ufone ad: In Pakistan, currently there are many cellular companies working, for example Telenor, Mobilink, Zong and Warid. There is a tough competition between these companies; are trying to gain market share by lowering the charges and offers best services (packages) to their customers. In this ad, Ufone is informing customers about new packages and fast working internet services to makes people interest desire people with low rates and unlimited downloading. In this ad, Ufone is showing their existence in the market by giving good services to customers and offer best packages. The ad is overall good to attract people. They make their customers aware, informed them about their services and created interest. In this ad, they did not highlight the main package offer of their service. In my opinion, Ufone have to highlight the price and package on the top of ad, which can more attract customers towards their service and make it desire. They also did not highlight this sentence (ye slow motion ka nahià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. balky fast action ka zamana hai), by doing this they can attract more customers because majority internet users is youth which is the target market of all the cellular companies. Analysis of Mobilink Jazz ad In this ad, Mobilink used Naseem Hameed, who is the champion of Asian games and SAF game gold medalist as a model to show their market existence and attracts people towards their services. Approximately, they had covered all the six steps of hierarchy of effect model. It is an innovation and creativeness in the ad by bringing up the female hero which makes people awareness, liking, knowledge, preference and convince them to purchase. By this ad, they are taking competitive advantage over the other companies. The ad is overall good to attract people and to gain market share but I think some more Improvement can be done in this ad. The information about the model champion should be there and they should have to highlight that statement Himmat aur yaqeen ki sachi kahanià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. khwab se tabeer tak and the timings of the show should be prominent(large font). BIBILIOGRAPHY advertiser. (1999, 11 19). Retrieved 4 18, 2011, from suite101: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/advertising/28925 Clients roles and responsibilities in advertising industry . (2010, 5 17). Retrieved 4 19, 2011, from ehow: http://www.ehow.com/list_6524998_client-roles-responsibilities-advertising-agency.html communication. (2009-2010). Retrieved 4 21, 2011, from people communicating: http://www.people-communicating.com/what-is-communication.html Communication process. (2010, 11 1). Retrieved 4 21, 2011, from Success for career: http://exampapers123.blogspot.com/2010/11/communication-process-verbal-and-non.html Sales promotion. (2000 2011). Retrieved 4 20, 2011, from marketing teacher : http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-sales-promotion.html Sinha, A. (2005 2011). Role of advertising agencies. Retrieved 4 18, 2011, from contentwriter.in: http://www.contentwriter.in/articles/advertising-marketing/advertising-agencies.htm Wazzan, N. S. (n.d.). Brand cannibalization, Brand proliferation Brand Rejuv . Retrieved 4 19, 2011, from Citesales: http://www.citesales.com/712-brand-cannibalization-brand-proliferation-brand-rejuv.html

Man Against God in Nathaniel Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter Essay

Man Against God in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Rappaccini's Daughter In the introduction of the story, Nathaniel Hawthorne describes himself as a writer trapped between two worlds.   His alias, Aubepine, presents abstract concepts that would challenge the simple mind, but compensates for this by designing a dual meaning.   His works contain the literal meaning, and the implicated meaning.   Often, he would have to sacrifice his initial concept by injecting humor or other banal dimensions to the story in order to satisfy the lesser audience.   In this story, a young man from Southern Italy becomes implicated in a scientist's bizarre practice.   Rappaccini sacrifices his daughter's life in the name of science.   His means would resemble black magic in a different timeframe, which trespass the boundaries that man is ideally confined to.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beatrice is the unfortunate and unwilling subject of her father's experiment.   The daughter's name is an allusion to Dante's guide in Heaven, and his wife in real life.   In the prelapsarian part of this story, the woman grows to know Giovanni ...

Domestic Effects of the Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a controversial war that caused much anger and resentment in the United States. The war began in 1959 as a result of the United States attempting to stop communism from spreading throughout Vietnam and to the rest of the world (Vietnam War). Communism had taken effect in parts of Vietnam, and the United States feared that allowing Vietnam to become a communist nation would create a Domino Effect, resulting in every nation becoming communist. So in order to stop communism, President Johnson sent in troops to North Vietnam in March of 1965 (Vietnam War).But what Johnson failed to anticipate was the antiwar and peace movements that this would create back home in the US. Johnson's failure to inform US citizens about their commitment in Vietnam led to the growth of the â€Å"largest and most effective antiwar movement in American history. † (The Vietnam War and Civil Rights Movement). Peace rallies, speeches, marches, teach-ins, creation of civil rights organiza tions, and rebellion all took place in the US as a result of the growing violence in Vietnam, as well as the US government’s lack of communication to the public about the realities of the war.Although the Civil Rights Movement began long before the Vietnam War in 1948 when Truman signed Executive Order 9981 (Civil Rights Timeline), the Vietnam War caused the movement to grow immensely, and it spread across the nation. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was made up of and effected many different people groups including women, African Americans, and American youth. These social groups played roles in the movement that would forever change United States history. They all shared a common vision of ending the war in Vietnam and establishing peace between nations.Beginning in 1966, through mass demonstrations, petitions, teach-ins, electoral politics, and civil disobedience, millions of Americans challenged the government in hopes of establishing peace. The peace movement was m ostly influenced by young people, African Americans, and women. The movement gained national reputation in 1965, and peaked in 1968 staying strong until the end of the war (RIP: America’s Anti-War Movement). Conflicts of politics, race, and culture caused a large division in the US between the government and society.The injustice and violence of the Vietnam War caused much resentment, distrust, and anger in American citizens which led to various protests and the Civil Rights Movement. Women played a significant role in the antiwar movement. Many women joined antiwar organizations because they â€Å"disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the antiwar movement that was common amongst male war protestors† (Rosen). The antiwar protests and differing organizations that were against the war in Vietnam inspired many women to voice their opinions about equal rights for women.They thought themselves to be treated as the lesser in comparison to men. They did not feel that society took them seriously as a strong or important part of humanity, and that people doubted women’s abilities in comparison to men’s. Women’s Rights organizations emerged across the nation, all with the hopes of establishing equal rights among all sexes. Helga Alice Herz, is a prime example of a Woman Activist in the US in the 1960s. She was a founding member of Women's Strike for Peace (WSP) in Detroit, and member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).Herz set herself on fire on a Detroit street corner in order to bring people’s attention to fight for equal rights (Antiwar Activism and Emerging Feminism in the Late 1960s). She left a letter upon her death saying that humanity needs to â€Å"decide if this world shall be a good place to live for all human beings or if it should blow itself up into oblivion. † (Swerdlow 130). Herz is an example of a radical feminist. Radical feminists were mostly made up of younger women who organized in smaller groups. They used more extreme and controversial tactics than the liberal feminists who were on the opposite side of the spectrum.Many advocated socialism. On the other hand, liberal feminists, tried to achieve equality for women by working mainly within traditional and political tactics (Woman’s Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present). Female activists connected the war with patriarchy, sexual violence, racism, capitalism, and imperialism, and they thought that the enormous amounts of money being spent overseas would be better spent on social problems at home like gender equality, racism, and poverty (Woman’s Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present).Sexism and gender injustice within the civil rights and antiwar movements inspired many women to form antiwar organizations as well as organizations where they could discuss the unfairness of sexism in everyday life. The founding groups for the Women’s Liberation Movement were many: T he National Organization for Women (NOW), formed in 1966 worked through legal means to overturn discriminatory laws (Women’s Liberation Movement).Another Mother for Peace (AMP), founded in 1967, was formed to oppose the Vietnam War and the women’s goals were â€Å"to educate women to take an active role in eliminating war as a means of solving disputes between nations, people and ideologies. † (Another Mother for Peace). Another large and effective female activist group was Women Strike for Peace, or WSP. This was an organization founded in 1961, and its members worked to ban nuclear testing and end the Vietnam War.They held many demonstrations, and also picketed the White House, the United Nations headquarters in New York City, and the Pentagon to make their opposition to nuclear weapons and war widely known to the public. Women activist groups helped to accomplish many feats surrounding gender equality in the 19th century. One of the biggest accomplishments wa s the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was written in 1923 and stated that â€Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.† (Equal Rights Amendment, Sec. 1)As a result of the amendment, women could have a say in their government without being condemned, leave their homes to go out without feeling guilty about leaving their children alone, and they were closer to equality in the workplace, as they could now earn wages like men. Women also fought for and achieved the right to have an abortion, and another large accomplishment was in 1960 when the Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills (The Women’s Liberation Movement of the 1960s).In conclusion, women did not play a major role in opposing the war, but the antiwar movement did inspire many women to fight for equal gender treatment, therefore accomplishing many goals for women everywhere. Another one of the l argest contributors to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was African Americans, as they played a major role in protesting the draft as well as fought for equal rights among all races. African Americans were discriminated against in many areas of life. The draft caused many of the protests after 1965; no war since the Civil War produced so much opposition to the draft (The Domestic Course of the War).It called for mostly citizens of lower and middle class. This gave blacks an unfair disadvantage because they made up a lot of the lower class. It also resulted in more black soldiers drafted into the Vietnam War than in any other war in history. Black soldiers fought for Vietnam to gain their freedom, even though they did not have complete freedom themselves. They thought that by helping America win the war, the government would reward them with their own rights and freedoms when they returned home. Because of this, African Americans served and died in Vietnam in disproportionate n umbers.By the end of the war, they accounted for 12 percent of the combat deaths, a number that was close to their actual percentage in the population (The Domestic Course of the War). The war did not prove to be ending anytime soon. Escalating violence in Vietnam as well as social injustice of the draft resulted in the forming of protest groups like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), among others. Blacks organized demonstrations, sit-ins, and boycotts to fight for their rights in society. One very prominent and influential march took place in Washington DC in 1963 where around 200,000 black and white Civil Rights activists participated.This represented one of the most powerful protests in American history. It ended in front of the Lincoln Memorial where Martin Luther King Junior made a famous speech that called for African Americans to be equally included in the American dream. King was one of the most influential leaders in the fight for equal rights in the black community. K ing focused on the Vietnam War and one day, as he pushed a plate of food away he told advisors, â€Å"Nothing will ever taste any good for me until I do everything I can to end that war,† (King) He believed in nonviolent protesting in order to achieve equal rights and end poverty.Some of the most influential black protest groups were Black Women Enraged, National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union, National Black Counselors, and the Black Panthers. The Black Panther Party was an extremely influential socialist organization made up of radicals that were strongly against U. S. involvement in Vietnam. They went against the teachings and beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. , a popular black leader in the movement, by using violence and extreme measures to get what they wanted: equal rights. Malcolm X was a leader in the Black Panther Party.He taught black supremacy and advocated for separation of whites and blacks in society. White college students took a stand for human rights just as much as African Americans did. These protestors were made up of two types of people: liberals and radicals. They both fought for the same thing (peace in Vietnam) but went about getting it in very different ways. Liberals believed in working with the government to get what they wanted. They were generally against violence and very political. Radicals were made up of mostly college students and other young people.They were generally more violent and went to extreme measures to get what they wanted. Some people went as far as lighting themselves on fire to prove their point. The radicals were against the government and rebelled against the normal rules of society. One commonality that most radicals shared was their distrust of the government. The antiwar movement was made up of different organized groups from all over the country. Young people everywhere were outraged at the apparent dishonesty of the government. The government had withheld information about casualties overseas, as we ll as the general enormity of the war.To express their anger, many openly rebelled against the authority of the government, and most took part in antiwar and peace organizations. One of the earliest groups was called the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). They were traditional liberal peace activists, and their goal was a reduction in nuclear weapons in the war (The Anti-War Movement in the United States). There were many other groups that fought for this reduction, but SANE was the leader in the struggle for disarmament. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge supporter of this group because he also believed in nonviolence.One example of the more popular, student-run activist groups was SPU: Student Peace Union. It started in 1959 on the campus of the University of Chicago and lost popularity around 1964. This group was also liberal, but they were fighting against western capitalism and soviet communism. The SPU organized many protests and marches outside of the White H ouse. Their rallies attracted thousands of people from all across the nation. Perhaps one of the most wide-known student activist groups was the SDS: Students for a Democratic Society. This organization was the most radical and represented the New Left.Their main goal was equality, peace, and freedom in the U. S. They fought for equal rights among all races and genders. SDS held teach-ins, protests, marches, and concerts for peace. In February of 1965, when the US began bombing North Vietnam, civil rights organizations everywhere grew larger and the protests got more intense. SDS organized marches on the Oakland Army Terminal where soldiers were leaving to go fight in Vietnam. Another way that American youth rebelled against the war was with the development of â€Å"Counterculture. † This was a phenomenon of the 1960s that developed within these radical activist groups.Thousands of young people joined in the creation of counterculture, a newfound way of living that promoted r ebellion. The largest contributors to the antiwar movement were the American youth, and they expressed their new beliefs with counterculture. They repeatedly showed their concern for peace in Vietnam through campus rallies, antiwar demonstrations, and concerts for peace. These activists rebelled in several ways, including long hair, tie-dye, pre-marital sex, open experimentation with drugs, rock music, questioning authority, and more.Today, this is known as the Hippie Movement. In conclusion, it is apparent that the Vietnam War caused a lot of problems, not just in Vietnam but in the United States as well. President Johnson’s failure to warn the citizens of the US about the extremity and the realities of the war resulted in a lot of anger and chaos. It had the largest effect on women, African Americans, and teenagers. Women had been treated unfairly for so long by society just because of their sex that the war protests motivated them to take a stand against the unfair treatme nt.This resulted in the right to have an abortion as well as birth control pills and the Equal Rights Amendment. African Americans had long suffered oppression due to their race. Although they had come a long way since slavery, they were still treated very unfairly by whites. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were major influential figures that led blacks as well as whites to a more equal nation. After years of protests and demonstrations, African Americans finally started to get their point across.And finally, college students and other American youth had lost trust in their government after being lied to and misinformed about the war in Vietnam. They questioned the United States’ involvement and its morality. To voice their opinions, antiwar movements and peace organizations were made; much of the youth rebelled in dramatic or extreme ways. This rebellion never really ended, and trends like rock music, long hair on males, sexuality, and drug abuse still exis t to this day. These are the effects that the Vietnam War had on America. The injustice of the war left an imprint on the United States; Civil Rights were changed forever. Domestic Effects of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a controversial war that caused much anger and resentment in the United States. The war began in 1959 as a result of the United States attempting to stop communism from spreading throughout Vietnam and to the rest of the world (Vietnam War). Communism had taken effect in parts of Vietnam, and the United States feared that allowing Vietnam to become a communist nation would create a Domino Effect, resulting in every nation becoming communist. So in order to stop communism, President Johnson sent in troops to North Vietnam in March of 1965 (Vietnam War).But what Johnson failed to anticipate was the antiwar and peace movements that this would create back home in the US. Johnson's failure to inform US citizens about their commitment in Vietnam led to the growth of the â€Å"largest and most effective antiwar movement in American history. † (The Vietnam War and Civil Rights Movement). Peace rallies, speeches, marches, teach-ins, creation of civil rights organiza tions, and rebellion all took place in the US as a result of the growing violence in Vietnam, as well as the US government’s lack of communication to the public about the realities of the war.Although the Civil Rights Movement began long before the Vietnam War in 1948 when Truman signed Executive Order 9981 (Civil Rights Timeline), the Vietnam War caused the movement to grow immensely, and it spread across the nation. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was made up of and effected many different people groups including women, African Americans, and American youth. These social groups played roles in the movement that would forever change United States history. They all shared a common vision of ending the war in Vietnam and establishing peace between nations.Beginning in 1966, through mass demonstrations, petitions, teach-ins, electoral politics, and civil disobedience, millions of Americans challenged the government in hopes of establishing peace. The peace movement was m ostly influenced by young people, African Americans, and women. The movement gained national reputation in 1965, and peaked in 1968 staying strong until the end of the war (RIP: America’s Anti-War Movement). Conflicts of politics, race, and culture caused a large division in the US between the government and society.The injustice and violence of the Vietnam War caused much resentment, distrust, and anger in American citizens which led to various protests and the Civil Rights Movement. Women played a significant role in the antiwar movement. Many women joined antiwar organizations because they â€Å"disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the antiwar movement that was common amongst male war protestors† (Rosen). The antiwar protests and differing organizations that were against the war in Vietnam inspired many women to voice their opinions about equal rights for women.They thought themselves to be treated as the lesser in comparison to men. They did not feel that society took them seriously as a strong or important part of humanity, and that people doubted women’s abilities in comparison to men’s. Women’s Rights organizations emerged across the nation, all with the hopes of establishing equal rights among all sexes. Helga Alice Herz, is a prime example of a Woman Activist in the US in the 1960s. She was a founding member of Women's Strike for Peace (WSP) in Detroit, and member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).Herz set herself on fire on a Detroit street corner in order to bring people’s attention to fight for equal rights (Antiwar Activism and Emerging Feminism in the Late 1960s). She left a letter upon her death saying that humanity needs to â€Å"decide if this world shall be a good place to live for all human beings or if it should blow itself up into oblivion. † (Swerdlow 130). Herz is an example of a radical feminist. Radical feminists were mostly made up of younger women who organized in smaller groups. They used more extreme and controversial tactics than the liberal feminists who were on the opposite side of the spectrum.Many advocated socialism. On the other hand, liberal feminists, tried to achieve equality for women by working mainly within traditional and political tactics (Woman’s Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present). Female activists connected the war with patriarchy, sexual violence, racism, capitalism, and imperialism, and they thought that the enormous amounts of money being spent overseas would be better spent on social problems at home like gender equality, racism, and poverty (Woman’s Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present).Sexism and gender injustice within the civil rights and antiwar movements inspired many women to form antiwar organizations as well as organizations where they could discuss the unfairness of sexism in everyday life. The founding groups for the Women’s Liberation Movement were many: T he National Organization for Women (NOW), formed in 1966 worked through legal means to overturn discriminatory laws (Women’s Liberation Movement).Another Mother for Peace (AMP), founded in 1967, was formed to oppose the Vietnam War and the women’s goals were â€Å"to educate women to take an active role in eliminating war as a means of solving disputes between nations, people and ideologies. † (Another Mother for Peace). Another large and effective female activist group was Women Strike for Peace, or WSP. This was an organization founded in 1961, and its members worked to ban nuclear testing and end the Vietnam War.They held many demonstrations, and also picketed the White House, the United Nations headquarters in New York City, and the Pentagon to make their opposition to nuclear weapons and war widely known to the public. Women activist groups helped to accomplish many feats surrounding gender equality in the 19th century. One of the biggest accomplishments wa s the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was written in 1923 and stated that â€Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.† (Equal Rights Amendment, Sec. 1) As a result of the amendment, women could have a say in their government without being condemned, leave their homes to go out without feeling guilty about leaving their children alone, and they were closer to equality in the workplace, as they could now earn wages like men. Women also fought for and achieved the right to have an abortion, and another large accomplishment was in 1960 when the Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills (The Women’s Liberation Movement of the 1960s).In conclusion, women did not play a major role in opposing the war, but the antiwar movement did inspire many women to fight for equal gender treatment, therefore accomplishing many goals for women everywhere. Another one of the largest contributors to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was African Americans, as they played a major role in protesting the draft as well as fought for equal rights among all races. African Americans were discriminated against in many areas of life. The draft caused many of the protests after 1965; no war since the Civil War produced so much opposition to the draft (The Domestic Course of the War).It called for mostly citizens of lower and middle class. This gave blacks an unfair disadvantage because they made up a lot of the lower class. It also resulted in more black soldiers drafted into the Vietnam War than in any other war in history. Black soldiers fought for Vietnam to gain their freedom, even though they did not have complete freedom themselves. They thought that by helping America win the war, the government would reward them with their own rights and freedoms when they returned home. Because of this, African Americans served and died in Vietnam in disproportionate numbers.By the end of the war, they accounted for 12 percent of the combat deaths, a number that was close to their actual percentage in the population (The Domestic Course of the War). The war did not prove to be ending anytime soon. Escalating violence in Vietnam as well as social injustice of the draft resulted in the forming of protest groups like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), among others. Blacks organized demonstrations, sit-ins, and boycotts to fight for their rights in society. One very prominent and influential march took place in Washington DC in 1963 where around 200,000 black and white Civil Rights activists participated.This represented one of the most powerful protests in American history. It ended in front of the Lincoln Memorial where Martin Luther King Junior made a famous speech that called for African Americans to be equally included in the American dream. King was one of the most influential leaders in the fight for equal rights in the black community. King focused on the Vietnam War and one day, as he pushed a plate of food away he told advisors, â€Å"Nothing will ever taste any good for me until I do everything I can to end that war,† (King) He believed in nonviolent protesting in order to achieve equal rights and end poverty.Some of the most influential black protest groups were Black Women Enraged, National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union, National Black Counselors, and the Black Panthers. The Black Panther Party was an extremely influential socialist organization made up of radicals that were strongly against U. S. involvement in Vietnam. They went against the teachings and beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. , a popular black leader in the movement, by using violence and extreme measures to get what they wanted: equal rights. Malcolm X was a leader in the Black Panther Party.He taught black supremacy and advocated for separation of whites and blacks in society. White college students took a stand for human rights just as much as African Americans did. These protestors were made up of two types of people: liberals and radicals. They both fought for the same thing (peace in Vietnam) but went about getting it in very different ways. Liberals believed in working with the government to get what they wanted. They were generally against violence and very political. Radicals were made up of mostly college students and other young people.They were generally more violent and went to extreme measures to get what they wanted. Some people went as far as lighting themselves on fire to prove their point. The radicals were against the government and rebelled against the normal rules of society. One commonality that most radicals shared was their distrust of the government. The antiwar movement was made up of different organized groups from all over the country. Young people everywhere were outraged at the apparent dishonesty of the government. The government had withheld information about casualties overseas, as w ell as the general enormity of the war.To express their anger, many openly rebelled against the authority of the government, and most took part in antiwar and peace organizations. One of the earliest groups was called the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). They were traditional liberal peace activists, and their goal was a reduction in nuclear weapons in the war (The Anti-War Movement in the United States). There were many other groups that fought for this reduction, but SANE was the leader in the struggle for disarmament. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge supporter of this group because he also believed in nonviolence.One example of the more popular, student-run activist groups was SPU: Student Peace Union. It started in 1959 on the campus of the University of Chicago and lost popularity around 1964. This group was also liberal, but they were fighting against western capitalism and soviet communism. The SPU organized many protests and marches outside of the White House. Their rallies attracted thousands of people from all across the nation. Perhaps one of the most wide-known student activist groups was the SDS: Students for a Democratic Society. This organization was the most radical and represented the New Left.Their main goal was equality, peace, and freedom in the U. S. They fought for equal rights among all races and genders. SDS held teach-ins, protests, marches, and concerts for peace. In February of 1965, when the US began bombing North Vietnam, civil rights organizations everywhere grew larger and the protests got more intense. SDS organized marches on the Oakland Army Terminal where soldiers were leaving to go fight in Vietnam. Another way that American youth rebelled against the war was with the development of â€Å"Counterculture. † This was a phenomenon of the 1960s that developed within these radical activist groups.Thousands of young people joined in the creation of counterculture, a newfound way of living that promoted rebellion. The largest contributors to the antiwar movement were the American youth, and they expressed their new beliefs with counterculture. They repeatedly showed their concern for peace in Vietnam through campus rallies, antiwar demonstrations, and concerts for peace. These activists rebelled in several ways, including long hair, tie-dye, pre-marital sex, open experimentation with drugs, rock music, questioning authority, and more.Today, this is known as the Hippie Movement. In conclusion, it is apparent that the Vietnam War caused a lot of problems, not just in Vietnam but in the United States as well. President Johnson’s failure to warn the citizens of the US about the extremity and the realities of the war resulted in a lot of anger and chaos. It had the largest effect on women, African Americans, and teenagers. Women had been treated unfairly for so long by society just because of their sex that the war protests motivated them to take a stand against the unfair treatm ent.This resulted in the right to have an abortion as well as birth control pills and the Equal Rights Amendment. African Americans had long suffered oppression due to their race. Although they had come a long way since slavery, they were still treated very unfairly by whites. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were major influential figures that led blacks as well as whites to a more equal nation. After years of protests and demonstrations, African Americans finally started to get their point across.And finally, college students and other American youth had lost trust in their government after being lied to and misinformed about the war in Vietnam. They questioned the United States’ involvement and its morality. To voice their opinions, antiwar movements and peace organizations were made; much of the youth rebelled in dramatic or extreme ways. This rebellion never really ended, and trends like rock music, long hair on males, sexuality, and drug abuse still exi st to this day. These are the effects that the Vietnam War had on America. The injustice of the war left an imprint on the United States; Civil Rights were changed forever.

Health Care Marketing Reflection Essay

Health care marketing is the new approach to public health; it is an industry that keeps growing as health care trends frequently change. The internet has changed health care a we know it social media website have been reported as the most effective tool to the marketing approach especially for pharmaceutical companies who have pop-up ads on just about every site consumers visit. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on marketing techniques, what types of trends that are being used and how they are used, how they are affecting consumer trends, and the negative and positive affects of the current techniques. Types of marketing trends Direct to consumer pharmaceutical trends have become increasing popular to promote products to health care facilities, providers, and patients. While there are many approaches and techniques used in the DTC pharmaceutical trend, the most effective are; â€Å"help seeking ad† which have been know to provide patients with medical information about a specific illness and advises consumers to contact there health care provider for more information but does not mention type of product, another is the â€Å"reminder ad† which often mentions type of product, name, dosage, strength, and price, the most commonly used trend is the â€Å"product claim ad† which will include the product name and it’s indication, safety claims, and efficacy (Ventola, 2011). The trends are being used to promote a variety pharmaceutical products regulated and approved by the FDA for people who may suffer from various illnesses the product was create to manage such as depression, chronic pain, heart disease, and respiratory diseases. Current health care marketing techniques and trends The internet has become and effective technique for health care marketing  because of it large data base, it has influenced many health professional in there decisions on medication management in addition to what other products are available to manage health issues. The internet has allowed consumers to research pharmaceutical companies and get information about products, the side affects of its use, and its effectiveness. The marketing trend and techniques of health care marketing on the internet has offered variety and convenience to patients and providers and have influenced more patients to actively become more involved managing their health by researching pharmaceutical information and discussing it with their health care provider. Are current techniques affecting consumer trends? There are many challenges associated with the pharmaceutical marketing techniques that can both influence and affect consumer trends, for example the accelerating of health care spending on advertising to promote the products, cost of the products, escalated or new found illnesses related to the side affects of the product, advertising of incorrect information, product not approved by the FDA but already being advertised, and the most common, the products not being covered by insurance companies. Although these challenges exist, they will not have a significant impact on consumer trends. Positive or Negative affects of current techniques and trends? Current techniques and trends can have both a positive and a negative affect, primarily based on how the product is being marketing and to whom. Direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising as previously mentioned uses a variety of techniques for promoting products, a negative affect would be promoting and allowing trial use of non FDA approved products, which can lead to chronic or major health issues, a positive affect can be consumer driven approach to encourage others to talk with there physician about a product used that helped with a current medical condition. The same would apply to internet marketing trends, they could be both positive and negative affects based on how the information is researched and documented. Conclusion The internet approach to current trends of health care marketing establishes new and creative ways for pharmaceutical companies to advertise there products related to current health care and consumer trends, the internet has helped to influence health care providers decisions for medication  manage along with researching other available products to help with a variety of health conditions, it has provided opportunities for consumers to learn about pharmaceutical companies and the products they advertise. As trends change challenges will occur, how well pharmaceutical adjust and change there marketing techniques will determine there success in the health care industry. Reference Ventola, C. L. (2011, October). Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising. Pharmacy and Theraputics, 36(10), 669-674, 681-684. doi:PMC3278148

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter F

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter F Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter F used in chemistry and chemical engineering.f - femtoF - FluorineFA - Fully AmorphousFA - Furnace AnnealingFAC - Free Available ChlorineFAD - Flavin Adenine DinucleotideFADE - Fast Atomic Density EvaluationFAN - Free Amino NitrogenFAS - Fluorescence Actin StainingFAS - Folic Acid SynthesisFBC - Fesser, Bishop and Campbell modelFBD - Free Body DiagramFBR - Fast Breeder ReactorFC - Face CellFC - Face CenteredFC - Fragment CrystallizationFCC - Face Centered CubicFCC - Fluid Catalytic CrackingFCC - Food Chemical CodexFCCU - Fluidized Catalytic Cracking UnitFCHC - Face Centered Hyper-CubicFCS - Fellow of the Chemical SocietyFCS - Fire Control SystemFCS - Fluorescence Correlation SpectroscopyFE - FerredoxinFE - Free EnergyFe - IronFGC - Flue Gas ConditioningFIGD - Flow Injection/Gas DiffusionFIGE - Field Inversion Gel ElectrophoresisF IPS - Fast Imaging Plasma SpectrometerFm - FermiumFOS - FructoOligoSaccharideFP - Freezing PointFPD - Freezing Point DepressionFPLC - Fast Performance Liquid ChromatographyFr - FranciumFRAP - Fluorine-Resistant Acid PhosphataseFRS - Fellow of the Royal SocietyFS - Free StateFSA - Formamidine Sulphinic AcidFW - Formula Weight​

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION Essays - Gender, Sex

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION Essays - Gender, Sex GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION In the twenty first century, communication is the essential aspect of a person .The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't being said.There are several arguments between male and female communication styles.Firstly, communication is dependent on type of human brain and secondly, the gender is determination on the style of communication.Plus, the environment influences to develop communication with other people.However, Samuel Johnson said, Nature has given women so much power that the law has very wisely given them little. Before talking about gender differences in communication, I would like to express what gender difference is.In geneceral, gender difference is a distinction of biological and/or physiological characteristics typically associated with either males or females of a species in general. In the study of humans, socio-political issues arise in classifying whether a sex difference results from the biology of gender. The social ethic researchers argue that gender does not influence development of the communication styles.The structure of the brain determines the communication style. The brain is divided in two categories: feminine and masculine brains.The hormones that are produced in the human cause the division.People who have feminine brain are most likely to be successful as managers because they have more power of listening.On contrary, masculine brain are suitable to have jobs in physical and computer sciences, and mathematics.However, there are females who, have masculine brain that work as constructors. An experiment was conducted to evident the existence of feminine and masculine brain. The researchers discovered that most of the men and women in male typical jobs, such as carpentry, bricklaying, and taxi driving had a male organized brain.But men and women in female-typical jobs such as nursing, tended to have a female organized brain. These and several others tests have buttressed the theory that one?s choice of occupation is often coordinated with the degree of feminine or masculine of one?s brain. The gender plays an important role when we look at the communication in terms of science.Science argues that male and female differ in inherited biological DNA. Therefore, the difference in the DNA, they pose different characteristic traits.There are various common characteristics found in females affection, team oriented, moderation, tendency to become bogged in details, mutuality, right brain, and politeness.In contrast, males pose different characteristics in the workplace than females.They are more competitive, tight, think one way, not emotional.So, the different characteristics create different managers. Loden (1985) identified important managerial functions such as use of power, managing work relationships, problem solving, conflict, management, motivation of employees, goal-setting, decision-making and teamwork.She interviewed 200 women and 50 men in a wide variety of organizations and entrepreneurial businesses.The results traced two different styles of leadership: masculine and feminine.Feminine leadership was found to be involved with the emotional cues of human interaction, maintenance of close personal relationships and collaboration.It is a style that is linked to gender differences, early socialization and the unique set of life experiences of a woman. Masculine leadership sees the need for tight control, aggressive behavior and the ability to think with little emotional interaction.At the core of the difference are those women respond to situations by thinking and feeling.It deviates from the traditional role where the attainment of power is at the core.The participants agreed that both these styles can complement each other but at the time historically, this was not supported in organizations.There was corporate resistance to the feminine style. The main aspect that makes female successful to communicate better is their history in the past.The women hardships enable them to become compassionate toward people. They shared information with people because women were separated in the past from the outside environment.Their struggle in life made them to empower others.Women did not have the rights to make careers until in the early 1900?s until they get the opportunity to obtain education.Women studied went in depth to learn.Their experience of managing their family was a big advantage to become good managers, especially nourishing their children.Around 1980 the fields of communication was open to the women.About 60% females entered in the field of communication.In contrary about 40% males entered in this field.There were more and more female teachers to teach this course so it assisted females to progress

Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers

Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers Amy Arden is a history enthusiast. She holds a graduate degree from the University of Kent at Canterbury where some of her happiest moments involved unfurling parchment at Canterbury Cathedral Archives.  In this article, she talks about the challenge of worldbuilding in historical fiction - and how attention to detail can make or break a reader's experience and the authenticity of a story. Luckily, she has also provided  a list of resources where authors can go to research such details. Beta readers with some knowledge of the period you are writing about can be a tremendous help.Lastly, Goodreads and Quora  are also useful for finding someone with the expertise to answer your questions. In fact, Goodreads gave me the answer to when and how a Regency hostess would â€Å"turn the table† - which is a signal to guests that they should talk with the person on their opposite side. Understanding this old custom allowed me to create opportunities for Kate to have pivotal conversations.These resources are only a few of the many available to historical novelists. As with any research, use discretion when assessing the credibility of your sources. With a little luck and a little searching, you can make amazing discoveries that will bring your story, and the world that it takes place in, to life.Amy  is actively seeking representation for The Admiral’s Wife. Visit her  website  to read an excerpt!Worldbuilding can be a fine line of imagination and accurac y. As Amy says, the world you write about needs to make sense so that the reader can become immersed without distraction. Do you have any thoughts or questions for Amy? Leave them in the comments below!

LR&W 10 LAB WORK Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LR&W 10 LAB WORK - Research Paper Example According to the summary of the bill and its status, the bounty hunters should need licensed which is issued by Public Safety Department, bill need bail agents that are finding out person in order to notify the policy of state, and a Chief Law officer for the enforcement of municipal law earlier apprehending an individual within the legal power of the administrative district (Fugitive Recovery Network). According to this bill â€Å"bail enforcement agent† or â€Å"bounty hunters† are those individuals or those cooperative of individuals who perform services in order to capture a escapee, it is not limited any individual that are enlists in the understanding and individuals that are returns after their release on bail and those who didn’t managed to attend the proceedings for answering the charge in front of the prosecuted court. The authorization of adoption of the regulations related to the registration and licensure of the bail enforcement agents and the bounty hunters is given the secretary of Department of Public Safety. They could charge license fee not more than $500 for every fresh and renewal application (Fugitive Recovery

Reimbursement and Pay-for-performance paper Essay

Reimbursement and Pay-for-performance paper - Essay Example This information is provided by physicians, medical groups or even hospitals since they are in constant touch with the clients of these health insurance and some of them are also clients. The compensation depending on the agreed terms may be in form of elimination of payments and other non-financial incentives (Greenwald, 2010). Reimbursement works on a fee-for-service initiative where the physicians are paid according to the services they offer and not the quality of those services. Since this is not the original pay for the physician but rather a reimbursement, the number of needed services may not be provided (especially if there is no reimbursement or it is not much). This has in turn led to undersupply of the needed services by the clients when compared to the pay-for-performance approach. The pay-for-performance approach requires evidence of the services offered which should be quality services before any incentive of compensation is made (which may be financial or not). This new approach has overridden the reimbursement approach and is seen to be more client-concerned than the earlier approach. The physicians also have no alternative but to work towards providing the quality services that they were not concerned about earlier. Even though the reimbursement approach is not being faced-away by the pay-for-performance approach, those who are paying are allowed to choose between the two approaches and most are going for the latter considering its advantages over the former approach. This therefore means that the reimbursement approach is slowly but surely failing and becoming out of touch. The new pay-for-performance approach is also seen as a way to correct the distortions incentives that have and are continuing to be made by the reimbursement approach. This is because the reimbursement approach pays physicians double for the services they render which are even not of quality at times. The newer approach is

Bubbles by Chris Martenson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bubbles by Chris Martenson - Essay Example The 2007 housing bubble is a recent example of a bubble that has affected the American economy and the rest of the world. The author has shown that although the bubble started way back in 1998, it was still never stopped. As the author narrates, bubbles have their way around with the people. In other words, people always tend to get tricked into believing that things will be different. Based on the video, it is obvious that bubbles can be avoided if people stopped being guided by the false illusion that â€Å"this time, things will be different.† In addition, in the United States, the Federal Reserve failed in its duty to protect the public against the housing bubble. Even when the signs of the bubble started to show, the Federal Reserve continued to lower interest rates. It was rather using researches to convince the public that the housing was not going to create an asset bubble. From this, the video points to the importance of having an effective central bank system in prev enting such economic catastrophes. In the United States, the Federal Reserve failed to act on the problem before it became too big.  Finally, the video shows that an asset bubble is just an indicator of a bigger problem. The housing bubble was just an indicator of increased borrowing. There was an increase in debt from $27 trillion in 2000 to $48 trillion in 2007. This shows how asset bubbles affect other sectors of the economy. In addition, bubbles are destructive because people/organizations tend to make the wrong investments.

Capital Budgeting. Payback Period. NPV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Budgeting. Payback Period. NPV - Essay Example Another reason why these decisions are so important is that these decisions involve a large outlay of funds. Therefore, it is necessary that these decisions are taken with due diligence. These decisions cannot be reversed at a low cost. So, any mistake made is very costly to the firm. The capital budgeting process that a manager uses depends on a few factors such as the manager’s level in the organisation and the size of the project and the organization. The following steps are the typical steps followed by most managers. Step One: Generating Ideas Coming up with good investment ideas is the most important step in the capital budgeting process. Good ideas can come from anywhere in the organisation. It can come from managers from any level or from any department in the organisation or even from outside the organisation. Step Two: Analysing Individual Proposals This process involves collecting all the information to forecast the cash flows for each project and evaluating the pro fitability of each project. Step Three: Planning the Capital Budget Now the company has to organise the projects that are profitable so that they fit within the company’s overall strategy. Step Four: Monitoring and Post-auditing In post-auditing, the actual results are compared with the predicted results and the differences are explained. Post-auditing helps monitor the forecast, improve business operations and generate ideas for future investments. 2. Memo to Assertive Al One of the main drawbacks of using the payback method is that it does not take time value of money into account. For example a cash inflow of $2 million in the third year of the project is going to be less today. It also ignores all the cash flows beyond the end of the payback period. This can present a critical problem for the firm as some projects give higher cash inflows in later years (after the cut-off date). Discounted payback method can to some extent overcome the drawbacks of the payback method as i t considers time value of money into account. In a discounted payback period, the future expected cash flows are discounted by the project’s cost of capital. By discounting expected cash flows through the cost of capital, the discounted payback method considers the riskiness of the project into account. Similar to the drawback of payback method, the discounted payback method also does not consider cash flows after the discounted payback period. As there are flaws in the payback methods, these methods cannot be considered as most reliable in evaluating future projects. Hence in order to be more effective in evaluating projects, Net Present Value method is considered to be the most reliable and effective method in evaluating future projects. Unlike the payback methods, the Net Present Value method does take distant future cash flows into account (after the cut-off payback period). NPV rule is important as it takes time value of money into account as a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow, the reason being that the dollar today can be invested immediately to start earning interest. NPV also eliminates the time element in evaluating projects, as some projects start earning positive cash flows after a long period and the payback methods are not viable in evaluating such projects. 3. NPV Managers want to know more about a project than just its NPV because the NPV method also has certain drawbacks. The major drawback of the NPV method is that

Answer the Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the Questions - Assignment Example Random error occurs within the experiment itself. Bias is systematic errors in an epidemiologic study that brings an incorrect estimate of the connection between exposures and outcomes. Bias can be divided into categories that is the selection, and information bias. Selection bias occurs when selection into a study gives results that are different from what is expected if the entire population was involved (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 15). If an individual involves the whole population and collects accurate data, then an individual could compute the correct association. If sampling is not represented by outcome distribution of the whole population, the measures of connection will be biased. A typical example is a jar filled with marbles of 500 red and 500 blue that are mixed randomly. If a person pulls out 50 at random, he is likely to get 25 red and 25 blue. It is also possible to get 27 red and 23 or 29 blue and 21 red. An individual can also get 40 red or 10 blue, which is highly unlikely because each is likely to be proportioned (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 35). This is a form of random error. Systematic error might occur when the blue marbles are near the top, and the reds are at the bottom. When an individual pulls from the top, he is likely to get 37 blues and 13 red because an individual is not getting a sample that represent the whole jar. Behaviour targeting is the act of targeting users based on their behaviour of using the internet. This behaviour is used to target online ads, but the techniques can also be used to target products. Behavioural targeting is used to target the people that matter most. Behaviour targeting only needs to give the audience the right information and the message they need. It divides users according to the content they watch on the sites (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 56). They are also targeted with a message that is appropriate to that segment. Behaviour targeting is deployed in two ways, which are on-site and network targeting.

What impact does emotional intelligence have upon communication in Essay

What impact does emotional intelligence have upon communication in social work organisations - Essay Example Emotional intelligence enables an individual to be emotionally competent, which is essential for efficient social interaction and communication. Emotions are essential in communication, conveying information of what people are thinking, their intentions, and in facilitating social encounters (Kelter and Haidt, 2001). Caregivers must develop the art, listening openly and sending convincing responses. This entails recognizing emotional signals and clues and understanding their meaning and context. Social workers must listen with the aim of developing a mutual understanding with the client and should be ready to welcome the sharing of information fully with the client. A person with positive emotional health is highly social (Argyle and Lu, 1990) whereas a person with negative emotional health is antisocial and keeps other people at bay (Furr and Funder, 1998). Positive emotions in service provision have a desirable effect independent of interpersonal relationships that result in greater work output, persistence, and enhanced cognitive abilities. A caregiver with positive emotions is able to influence social care users in a more positive way, which can enable them make positive changes in their lives. Positive emotionality enables social-work care givers respond to aggressive behaviours directed to wards them in a calm, non aggressive and even polite manner. This requires a very high degree of emotional restraint and care givers who are not emotionally mature or who have no experience will respond aggressively breaking and blocking the communication channels with their clients. Negative emotions are counterproductive and lead to poor interpersonal relationships, lack of job focus, and society to have very negative perception of caregivers and welfare programs. Optimistic social workers are able to make cognitive evaluation of a situation, make adaptive coping strategies to deal with stressful situations and

Answer the Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the Questions - Assignment Example Random error occurs within the experiment itself. Bias is systematic errors in an epidemiologic study that brings an incorrect estimate of the connection between exposures and outcomes. Bias can be divided into categories that is the selection, and information bias. Selection bias occurs when selection into a study gives results that are different from what is expected if the entire population was involved (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 15). If an individual involves the whole population and collects accurate data, then an individual could compute the correct association. If sampling is not represented by outcome distribution of the whole population, the measures of connection will be biased. A typical example is a jar filled with marbles of 500 red and 500 blue that are mixed randomly. If a person pulls out 50 at random, he is likely to get 25 red and 25 blue. It is also possible to get 27 red and 23 or 29 blue and 21 red. An individual can also get 40 red or 10 blue, which is highly unlikely because each is likely to be proportioned (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 35). This is a form of random error. Systematic error might occur when the blue marbles are near the top, and the reds are at the bottom. When an individual pulls from the top, he is likely to get 37 blues and 13 red because an individual is not getting a sample that represent the whole jar. Behaviour targeting is the act of targeting users based on their behaviour of using the internet. This behaviour is used to target online ads, but the techniques can also be used to target products. Behavioural targeting is used to target the people that matter most. Behaviour targeting only needs to give the audience the right information and the message they need. It divides users according to the content they watch on the sites (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 56). They are also targeted with a message that is appropriate to that segment. Behaviour targeting is deployed in two ways, which are on-site and network targeting.

Development During Early Adolescence Essay Example for Free

Development During Early Adolescence Essay Can these changes have a significant impact on a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity? Hence, because of the potential impact of these changes, it is important to understand the cycles of adolescents. Life has store many surprises for us as we develop throughout our whole life span. Developmental stages are the progress that occurs in humans from the time they are born until they grow old and die. Originally beginning with infants and children, development will subsequently progress into adolescence, followed by adult, and lastly elderly. The development occurs in many fields, namely physical, perceptual, cognitive, moral and social. Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mental, emotional and social development. Who considers adolescence to be the period between 10-19 years of age, which generally encompasses the time from the beginning of puberty to the full legal age. The early adolescent developmental period is when individuals experience many changes, including the biological changes associated with puberty, important changes in relations with family and peers, and the social and educational changes related to transition from elementary to middle school (Wigfield, Byrnes, Eccles, 2002). The biological changes that occur at early adolescence are dramatic, as anyone working with this age group knows (Susman Rogel, 2004). Pubertal developments, the timings of puberty is quite different for girls and boys; girls enter puberty approximately 18 months before boys do, which means that during early adolescence, girls mature faster. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or practically nonexistent, depending on the culture of their society. Adolescence is somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is also the period of life between the beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, such as worker or parent. It is filled with constant change, uncertainty, but it can be wonderful and full of expectation. Everything a child learned to believe is suddenly challenged. One day you are a cute child that everybody seemed to adore, and the next day your skin and body are changing. Adolescence is a challenging period for both children and their parents. Three stages of adolescence early, middle, and late, are experienced by most teens, but the age at which each stage is reached varies greatly from child to child. These different rates of maturation are connected to physical development and hormone balance, neither of which the child can control. For this reason, adolescents should be treated as individuals and any guidelines should be modified to the particular child. It is very common to come across mood swings in this stage of development. Gene Roland Medinnus and Ronald C. Johnson state that during adolescence, children develop the ability to: †¢ Understand abstract ideas, such as higher math concepts, and develop moral philosophies, including rights and privileges †¢ Establish and maintain satisfying relationships by learning to share intimacy without feeling worried or inhibited. Move toward a more mature sense of themselves and their purpose †¢ Question old values without losing their identity Adolescence begins when signs of sexual maturity begin to occur in both physical and social development and ends when the individual assumes adult roles and is concerned in most ways as an adult by his reference group. Female friendships are one of the most important dimensions of an adolescent girl’s life. Peer relationships and friendships are critical in the developing adolescent’s identity, behaviors, and overall health. These peer connections influence all areas of development including emotional, physical, spiritual, social, and cognitive. The movie â€Å"Mean Girls† addresses social behaviors and experiences that are common in female peer relationships throughout the adolescent years. â€Å"Mean Girls† has brought attention to girls mean behaviors and portrays a dark side of female peer relationships, in which girls act as bullies and use relationships to express anger or power through rumors, exclusion, secrets, or gossip. This movie shows the significant role that female peer relationships play. The functions of peer relationships in adolescence are to help support adolescents at a time when they are challenged with many new experiences, to encourage the development of emotional autonomy, to enable teens to form deeper forms of intimacy that will be needed in adulthood, and to improve social skills. Positive peer relationships cause less anxiety and depression in adolescents where as negative peer relationships may place an individual at risk for maladjustment. Adolescents who are generally disliked, aggressive, disruptive and cannot establish themselves in the peer culture are developmentally at risk. Having friends and peer acceptance are generally related to school competence, higher self-esteem, and better adjustments. Adolescence is a transitional stage of human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers (ages 13-19 years) are usually adolescent, though in some individual, puberty may extent a few years beyond the teenage years, and in some individuals puberty begins in the pre-teen years. Because adolescents are experiencing various strong cognitive and physical changes, for the first time in their lives they may start to view their friends, their peer group, as more important and influential than their parents. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word cognition as; the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgment (Cognition). Because of peer pressure, they may sometimes indulge in activities not deemed socially acceptable. What is Peer Pressure? Peer pressure is the social pressure from friends or other people to accept certain beliefs or act in certain ways in order to be accepted. How and why do we get peers pressure? Everyone gives into peer pressure at one time or another, but why do people sometimes do things they didn’t want to do? Here are a few reasons. They are afraid of being rejected by others, want to be like and don’t want to lose a friend, want to appear grown up, don’t want to be made fun of, friends have a big influence on our lives, but sometimes they push us to do things we may not want to do. The first step to standing up to peer pressure is to understand it. The four main types of peer pressure is: 1. Rejection – threatening to end a friendship or relationship. This pressure can be hard to resist as nobody wants to lose friends. 2. Reasoning – telling a person reasons why they should try something or why it would be okay if they did it i. e. â€Å"your parents would never find out. † Identity is made of what drives an individual, the abilities they have, what they believe, and their personal history (Marcia, 1980). Identity is one of the main struggles in an adolescent’s life. It is very important that children receive the proper guidance while entering their adolescence from their parents and peers. Although they like to believe that they are capable of developing on their own, adolescents need parental guidance to develop their path of identity development. The relationship between a child and a parent plays an important role with an adolescent and his or her decisions about sex. (Chapman, Werner-Wilson 2008). Morality can be defined as the distinction between what is right and wrong or what is good and bad. Although, moral reasoning depends on culture which akes it difficult to define; most people don’t look at where these principles are coming from or what guides one through moral development. As children grow and learn, usually from care takers and people who inspire their every need, their morality changes based on several levels. Although researching of moral development goes as far back as Socrates, there are two psychologists that studied morality in depth and they are Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget was a cognitive developmental psychologist spending most of his time working with children and adolescents, including his own. Although, Piaget’s observation of moral development wasn’t in depth like Kohlberg, he allowed for a basic understanding. He believed that moral development occurred in stages. Piaget strongly believed in education and thought interaction in an education setting allowed children maximum potential in cognitive development. Piaget believed in many things, but when it came to moral development there were only two basic principles. The first principle was that children develop moral ideas in stages and could not skip stages, although movement from one stage to the other could vary in length. Lastly he believed that children create their own perception of their world, including whether their actions enforce what is morally right or wrong. â€Å"Piagets ideas of moral realism and morality of cooperation play a role in Kohlbergs theory. Children in Piagets stage of moral realism believe that rules are absolute and cant be changed. Punishment should be determined by how much damage is done, and the intention of the child is not taken into account. A child has many milestones to reach through adolescence. The success of these milestones depends on normal development. Milestones can be challenging regardless of age and size. However, some children experience abnormal development and also delays. Detecting signs of abnormal development in certain age groups requires an understanding of development milestones. There for this leads us to the major physical, cognitive, self made motivational experience of adolescents that are a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginnings of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity.

The Early Years Foundation Stage

The Early Years Foundation Stage A framework was designed and developed and came into action on 13 March 2007 and forced into action by September 2008 and is called as EYFS i.e. Early Years Foundation Stage This framework has revolutionised the learning methods and is a framework for the enhancing learning, care and improving the skills and development of children in all the spheres of life when they are in a age group of 0 to 5 years. The Early Years Foundation Stage Profile was the new name for the Foundation Stage Profile from September 2008 with its content remaining as such. Mainly 6 stages are there in EYFS for Learning and Development. This is equally important and is usually connected to one another. These stages of Learning and Development are collaborated inside the rules listed for EYFS. The various areas where Development and Learning could be enhanced are: Development in personal ,social and emotional spheres Communication Solving and Reasoning capacity of children Understanding the surroundings and grasping knowledge from surroundings. Development enhancing physical strength Development enhancing creative strength Most of the review conducted on the Primary Curriculum and other independent Cambridge Primary Review has highlighted the requirement to re-think and remodel the childrens educational experiences provided in English classrooms for students between the ages group of five and seven. Recently government initiative has provided new experiences. In early primary years education being adult directed and conducted generally in whole-class groups, in a small place for playing and should be self-initiated learning. This is familiar in Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) which controls the education of children from birth to five years. This discontinuous pedagogy has resulted in concerns at levels like national and local levels. This study describes the complete efforts put in by teachers in one English local authority for developing practice in respective classrooms which generally is less formal and more teacher-led and desires more to the requirements and interests children in age group of 0 to 5 years. It explains the reasons for participation of teachers in this project, new difficulties and hurdles faced and the result and understanding for both teachers and children. Discussion PERSONAL, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Care is taken for the childrens development with a positive attitudes and good behaviour. Individual attention is given to every child with love and care. For listening and talking, children are provided an opportunity. They share their toys and work together on activities. Children should be praise for their success by rewarding their positive behaviour and good manners. Children must be shared with experiences which will develop positive sense that will help them in interacting with surroundings; giving respect to their teachers and parents; social skills; the attitude which will allow them to gain knowledge. Adults should give children opportunities for interaction with others so that children can grasp positive ideas from society they live in. When closed relationships are explored it generally leads to the growth of self-assurance thus it leads to promoting sense of belongingness that helps in children to explore the environment surrounding in them in a more secured way. Children must be encouraged for freely expressing their thoughts and their ideas, their emotions like sadness, frustration, joy and fear and can also develop means of managing new challenges and stressful conditions. COMMUNICATION, LANGUAGE AND LITERACY Every child should talk to each other in small groups for development of extended vocabulary and better communication skills. They go through the books and rhymes through the tapes and books for re enactment of the plays. They use word games, phonics, alphabets and play all around for the written language. Children there mark marking so that they can improve their hand and eye coordination which will help in writing when they grow older. Generally children use the language learnt for sharing and expressing their experiences. Their actions represent their thinking and how they react to events which we called as their language of thinking. Children over the time gather understanding about spoken sounds and they learn how to link different sounds and use gained knowledge writing and reading simple words. Young Child is in company of people whom they love and respect and loving relationships for e.g. family group situation, a person on which they have trust. Generally babies respond differently to every sound easily distinguish different sound patterns. Children use voices for making contact and letting people understand what is needed and what their feelings are. Once children develop skills of speaking their foundations for education is built and using the visual signs and finally preparing for reading and writing. They need to be given opportunities for working with others and exposure to resources for enhancing their knowledge like reading and writing. PROBLEM SOLVING, REASONING AND NUMERACY As we can see parents and teachers shall support the children for developing their understanding in solving Problem, developing a Reasoning and numerical aptitude using this they can easily find, learn and enjoy and understanding their environment. Childrens mathematical development occurs as they find patterns, make connections and remember relationships through searching out and working on counts and number matching and further sorting of accounts by comparing size, shape and measures. This derived skill is used by children to solve problems, ask new questions and make connections across different areas of Learning and Development. While talking about shapes and quantity, children use their knowledge and experience to develop ideas and to solve mathematical and other problems. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD Usually the life of child consists of learning the world that is around an individual. They talk of all things like how different things work and explaining for the reason why a particular thing occurred enjoy cooking and playing with clay. Generally they find all around the experience for natural world with wide range of seasons to hunt mini beasts. Children elaborate further the water, building and sand for construction own world of imagination. Babies and children need opportunities to understand means of life, methods giving correct information developing an attitude which keeps them positive in all condition and have a understanding behaviour for others. Children must be given help so that they can learn how to respect and keep the values of elders and understanding the need to avoid negative attitudes towards others PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Children should be given a very healthy life style including rest, exercise, and eating healthy food. These children shall be given balanced food to encourage them in spending time to outside location daily. Children develop good hygiene practices like washing hands after toilet usage and before meal. Usually good and well being in physical strength allows children to enjoy the positive benefits provided by keeping themselves active and healthy. Babies gain by being active and the development takes place all along the areas thus resulting in gaining in confidence in what they can do and develop a positive sense of well-being. CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT Creative Development means to explore with art and craft activities which include draw, paint, construct, stick as well as print largely. Children are very imaginative and thus can create their own pretending world. They love being chef working in kitchens, or sometimes working at bench for carpenter role. They love music making along with various instruments, rhymes and songs. Creativity develops children to gain experiences from their own explorations of surroundings, and expressing their feelings using different movements or by making things with the help of different materials existing in surroundings. Creativity helps children in exploring many functions for e.g. materials and media for creating new things which come out as a result. Childrens always react to their surroundings i.e. their experiences of watching, listening, experiences gathered using their sense organs and the manner in which they provide experiences is unique and valuable. Children learn in variety of ways and all have different interests so proper planning should be done for every child. Observation must be taken on baby to plan the best possible learning opportunities. For all children learning starts from birth. The EYFS is helpful for practitioners to enable right experience of play for children in development of all set of possibilities. It will enable practitioners to find your childs strengths and areas they want greater help for developing new skills, while for newly born babies this is crucial factor to make one feel comfortable all around it. This can be further aided with key persons role in settings that result in knowing positive relations of child. As per EYFS, the place where a child is cared to get an education for the age till five years, it uses similar principles, and is provided with principled approach for development and learning. These babies at inception stage gains a lot by the way of plays and the practitioners treat them in a way to make them learn the plays at stages for support and development of new skill set. All of the arenas are equivalent in importance with number of activities to cover number of areas to divide each of them in various stages and the practitioners can detect the sources for development and better operational activities performance. METHODOLOGY The methodology was made to identify how children perceive their experiences of a range of early years settings, and to provide information an understanding of the effectiveness and limitations of the EYFS in setting a play-based and participative approach to learning. The qualitative research design was formed around the four EYFS principles and the related themes and commitments2 (DCSF, 2008a, p9): A Unique Child (Child Development, Inclusive Practice, Health and Well Being). Positive Relationship which means respecting teachers and class fellows etc. Enabling Environment (Observation, Assessment, Planning, Support). Learning and Development (Active Learning, Areas of Learning and Development). According to Mosaic approach (Clarke and Moss, 2001) and participatory rural appraisal techniques (OKane, 2000), a verity of participative activities with children were designed to correlate with each of these 4 broad themes and to address the 4 commitments within each one. A sample of 15 case study settings selected from across 4 Local Authorities drawn from 2 government regions in north England. It comprise of 2 childrens centres, 2 reception classes, 3 maintained nursery classes, 2 private nurseries, 1 voluntary sector setting, 1 independent school, one out-of-school setting, 4 childminders and 1 Steiner kindergarten. The sample was selected to include children growing up in urban and rural areas of social advantage and deprivation, and ethnical different communities. Children in both full day-care and sessional care are included. 146 children achieved the aim to represent a vast range of children except in relation to sampling disabled children. Research activities, based on the EYFS themes, were designed to incorporate a different strategy for promoting talk between researchers and children to explore: Unique Child how good early years settings acts to the uniqueness and difference of children. A Positive Relationships how children view the importance of their relationships with close ones and with practitioners. Enabling Environment how children responds early years settings and the extent to which these provide them with good opportunities. Learning and Development It is very important as childrens response and thinking about learning and development in their settings is developed. To gather knowledge about how well early years settings were responding to the uniqueness and difference of children, a 1 to 1 activity was used, to generate a digital picture book called My Best Day, which is based on the childs best day in a setting. Alongside this we collect information about childrens relationship within settings by using an adaptation of a floor based graphical or visual mapping game. To collect information about how children respond the environment of their setting, an adaptation of the Mosaic approach tour devised. Finally, to collect information about childrens experiences of learning and development, we used data of childrens learning, and called as Learning Journeys, which prompts to conversation. Participant experiences were also undertaken with each child or small groups of children. Presentation of data In the seven key scales of Personal, Social Emotional development (PSE) and Communication, Language and Literacy (CLL): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 61.1 percent of girls achieved 6 or more points in every the scales, this compares to 42.8% of boys, a difference of 18.3 % points. This difference has increased since 2008 when it was 17.3 % points. The chart below provides information about the percentage of pupils and their development in each of these 7 key scales. Figure below shows details on EYFS conducted in PSE and CLL scales in the year 2009. 24.7 % of boys are classified as being the lowest achieving 20 % of pupils , this compares to 15.1 % for girls. These percentages have been relatively stable since 2007. Conclusion Most of the study suggests for early years practitioners said that: effective early years practitioners will define the time and relevant activities which are useful in a space in daily routine of life to reflect. This daily schedule will be responsible for the well being of children and they will also gain knowledge. This report aims to present proofs of that combination in various early years settings from childrens views. Thereby, the aim is also to gain insight into childrens perspectives of their own well-being and learning in those cases. Studies have shown that children must be encouraged for freely expressing their thoughts and their ideas, their emotions like sadness, frustration, joy and fear and can also develop means of managing new challenges and stressful conditions. Closed relationships were explored it and its learning led to the growth of self-assurance thus it leads to promoting sense of belongingness that helps in children to explore the environment surrounding in them in a more secured way. Although many of the proofs reported here are set with themes, commitments and guidance in the EYFS, it was also known that there are omissions in the EYFS, in part as a result of emphasis laid on children since the end benefits of a this daily schedule called curriculum generated by adults. The theme of children taking care is one such omission which we have pointed to as evident in childrens clear need to engage with the world around them, to show the know how they have about their surroundings and to maintain a category of types of relationships. The 6 areas of Learning and Development together enhance and improve their skills, experiences and improve their knowledge as this is a important aspect for children during their growth. These are presented as different areas which include remembering that the entire tasks link together for children and none of these shall be compartmentalized. The problem faced by most of the practitioners is to confirm whether the learning of childrens is an output of their individual interests in planning for learning and development takes place.